• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method, software product and device for determining at least one property of a simulated tree stand, in which method a tree set is selected from the simulated tree stand and at least one property of the tree set is determined from the selected tree set. In the method, at least one property of the simulated tree stand is estimated by selecting at least one particular property of the selected tree set. 8
    公开号:SE1250637A1
    申请号:SE1250637
    申请日:2012-06-15
    公开日:2013-01-12
    发明作者:Osmo Luoto；Vesa Siltanen；Mikko Palmroth
    申请人:John Deere Forestry Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    15 20 25 30 35 can be obtained from a real forest. Procedures are therefore needed to alleviate this problem.
    Brief Summary of the Invention In order to achieve the object of the invention, the method according to the invention is characterized by what is to be presented in the characterizing part of claim 1. The device according to the invention is characterized by what is to be presented in the characterizing part of claim 14.
    The object of a forest machine simulator which works according to the various embodiments of the invention is to teach the simulator user measurement methods needed in forestry in an easily absorbable manner. The simulator can, for example, mark stamping records determined by the user in the simulated use environment by attaching virtual stamping bands to trees in the simulation environment. The simulator can show the user a circular test area marked in the virtual forest to facilitate the counting and visualization of trees on the test area. The simulator can also show the user measuring devices to be used for estimating the tree stand, such as for example a relascope, so that the user can learn to use its measuring devices in a virtual forest.
    According to a first characteristic feature of the invention, a method is presented for determining at least one property of the tree stand, in which method one selects a tree set from the simulated tree stand, determines from the selected tree set at least one property of the tree set, and estimates at least one property of the simulated tree stand by using said at least one specific property of the selected tree set. In the invention, it is also possible to select only one tree set from the simulated tree stand and determine from the selected tree set at least one property of the tree set without estimating the property of the entire tree stand.
    The set of trees is a subset of the simulated tree stand, and the property of the set of trees can be determined by calculation and / or by retrieving from the computer memory the property or properties of the subset, or the property or properties of trees / trunks belonging to the subset. 10 15 20 25 30 35 The determination can also be made at least in part based on the user's actions, for example measurements performed by the user. From the property of the tree set, one can estimate at least one property of the tree stand.
    The estimation can be performed by calculating at least one property of the tree stand from the property of the tree population, or by estimating the property of the tree population statistically on the basis of at least one property determined on the tree population.
    It is also possible to select fl your tree sets and to estimate at least one characteristic of the tree stand in one of them.
    According to one embodiment, the estimation comprises the formation of a statistical estimate of at least one property of the simulated tree stand by using at least one specific property of the selected tree set. According to one embodiment, an area of the simulation environment is delimited as said amount of trees on the basis of an input from the user, such as an input with the computer pointing device. According to one embodiment, a circular test surface is selected from the simulation environment and at least one property of the amount of trees on the selected circular test surface is determined. According to an embodiment of the method, the user interface of the simulation environment is provided with a virtual tool, the function of which in the simulation environment is similar to the operating principle of a relascope. According to an embodiment of the method, the user interface of the simulation environment is provided with a sight groove of a virtual tool, said sight groove is moved in the horizontal plane of the simulation environment in the simulated view, the width of tree trunks visible through the sight groove in the simulation environment user interface and of said viewer, if the respective tree visible in the line of sight in the simulated view belongs to said set of trees. According to one embodiment, the property of the tree stand is determined mathematically using a coefficient of the virtual tool, which indicates the relationship between the width of the view slot in the virtual tool and the cross-sectional area of the tree stand that is the object of calculation in the simulation environment. According to an embodiment of the method, said at least one property of said amount of trees is displayed in the user interface of the simulation environment.
    According to one embodiment, the property of the tree stand comprises at least one of the following: the number of trunks in the tree stand, the average density of the tree stand, variation in the average density of the tree stand, the total volume of the tree stand on the experimental surface, the total tree stand volume per hectare, the tree stand on logs on the test surface, the volume of the tree stand on logs per hectare, the volume of the tree stand on paperwood on the test surface, the volume of the tree stand on paperwood per hectare, the average length of the tree stand, the average diameter of the tree stand, the bottom area of the tree stand per hectare, and the number of hook stems. According to one embodiment, the tree stand comprises at least one tree species, and the tree stand's properties are shown grouped according to tree species in the simulation environment's user interface.
    According to an embodiment of the method, a signal is received from the user by a pointing device, such as a mouse, to determine reference points in the simulated terrain, and by means of the points the width of or the gap between the driving lanes of the simulated forest machine is calculated. According to one embodiment of the method, the user of the forest machine simulator is given a learning task, and the user performance registered by the simulator is compared with the given learning task.
    According to a second characteristic feature of the invention, a software product is presented which is stored in a computer-readable medium and can be executed with a processor and comprises a computer-executable program code which is arranged to execute the first characteristic feature of the invention or a - behaving according to an embodiment of it when the program code is executed with the processor. The software product can thus be used in a forest machine simulator or in a universal computer or in an actual forest machine. The software product can be modular and arranged / distributed on several different computers.
    According to a third characteristic feature of the invention, a device is provided which comprises control means for controlling a simulated forest machine by receiving control input from the user and for producing control signals for controlling the device, processing means for processing said control signals, screen means for displaying a simulated forest environment. and a computer program code for performing a method according to the first characteristic features of the invention or its any embodiment, when the program code is executed with said processing means. According to one embodiment, the device is a forest machine simulator, a universal computer or a forest machine. The device thus comprises means for producing a forest machine simulation, and it can be used, for example, in teaching forest working methods. Description of drawings Figures 1a and 1b show forest machine simulators according to some embodiments of the invention.
    Figure 2 shows a forest machine simulator according to an embodiment of the invention in a block diagram.
    Figure 3 shows a view of a terrain creation program according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 4 shows a view of an exercise in a simulation environment according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 5 shows a view of an exercise in a simulation environment according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 6 shows a view of a circular test surface in a simulation environment according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 7 shows a measuring device in a simulation environment according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 8 shows a block diagram for determining properties of a virtual forest with a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 9 shows a block diagram for determining properties of a subset in a virtual forest with a method according to an embodiment of the invention.
    Description of the invention In detail below, some embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail.
    The invention makes it possible to illustrate and teach in a virtual forest things that pertain to forestry and to teach things that pertain to 15 15 20 25 30 35 to monitor the quality of the work result needed in driver training.
    Things to be taught with the method according to the invention include, for example, estimation of the driving result on thinning work. The drive result, ie. the condition of the tree stand and the ground in the forest after driving, is affected by the work machine operator's measures when controlling the work boom and driving the device itself in the terrain. Sub-areas that are considered when estimating the driving result are damage to the tree stand, imprints in the forest machine's lane, the space between lanes, the width of lanes, the intensity of thinning of the tree stand, variations in the density of the remaining tree stand, and choice of tree species. Since the execution of thinning is dependent on government regulations and the performer of thinning can be held legally liable for areas that have been thinned in the wrong way, it is in practice not possible to practice the thinning in a real forest.
    Simulation also makes it possible to use several repetitions as opposed to performing an actual thinning at once.
    So that the performance of thinning in the simulation environment would correspond to thinning of a real forest as accurately as possible, the intention is to keep the terminology used and the user's methods of estimating their environment the same regardless of whether the thinning is to be performed in a real or simulated forest.
    The term tree stand refers to trees in a forest or in a part of a forest that consists of one or more tree species. From the tree stand you can again by stamping, ie. By carving with an ax, painting or marking with a fiber ribbon, choose a variety of trees called a stamping post. A quantity typical of thinning, namely thinning intensity, refers to the density of the tree stand to be grown after felling. For thinning intensity, numerical models have been developed that determine a target density for the tree stand that remains to be cut after felling, according to the length of the tree stand and the average chest height diameter. Estimation of the thinning intensity is a skill that is impossible for the user of the simulation to calculate directly from data generated in connection with the creation of the simulation environment. In the invention, it has been noticed that the development of estimation knowledge in a simulation environment presupposes that the functions of the simulation environment are processed so that the estimation methods used in connection with the actual forestry become possible also in the simulation environment. It has thus been noted that it is not enough to show the user forest and tree stand data that is already easily and accurately accessible from the simulator to get the best learning result, but that a better learning result is achieved unexpectedly by presenting the estimation and measurement methods to the user in the simulator environment .
    Figures 1a and 1b show some embodiments of a forest or work machine simulator according to the invention. The simulator can teach the skills needed to operate and maneuver a real Forest Machine.
    Real forest machines are expensive, and the learning of their use must be done in a real forest. When a forestry machine is in practice use, it cannot be used for productive work, nor does the machine amortize its acquisition costs. Forest conditions can also be challenging for learning, and errors in a teaching situation are often uncorrectable. For safety reasons and due to limitations set by the size of the forestry machine's cab, operation of a real forestry machine can also be taught to only one student at a time. For these reasons, among others, simulators have been constructed for teaching purposes as shown in Figures 1a and 1b.
    A forest machine simulator according to one embodiment comprises simulator controllers 110 and 112. These controllers are similar to controllers of a real forest machine, or they may also be control components of a real forest machine. Likewise, the seat 120 of the simulator may be a seat used in a real forest machine. Simulator logic 130 is mounted in connection with the device, for example under the seat. The simulator screen 140 may be a standard computer screen.
    In addition to the computer screen, a screen of a real forest machine can also be connected to the simulator in such a way that data produced by the simulator logic about the function of the simulated forest machine is displayed on the forest machine screen. Said controllers, display components and control circuits relating thereto constitute the hardware of the user interface for the simulator environment.
    The simulator can function in such a way that the control devices and the control circuits are connected to the simulator logic so that they receive from the simulator logic 130 the same signals as they would receive from a real forest machine. The simulator logic 130 thus models the function of a real forest machine and generates the respective signals to the control devices. In this way, the user's experience in the forest machine simulator, with regard to the control, corresponds to the use of a real forest machine. The user interface components programmed in the simulator program complement the simulator's user interface as a functioning whole. The user sees a simulated forest landscape on the screen 140. The simulator can be easily moved by means of handles 150 and wheels 152.
    A forest machine simulator as shown in Figures 1a and 1b can be used in teaching working methods in forestry. Forestry and forest management include many concepts and procedures, for which there are no means to improve their comprehensibility and visualization in a real terrain. In such cases, the simulation environment provides the framework for a virtual reality to display such expanded information. In addition, information relating to an exercise in the simulation environment, such as the purpose of the exercise and the instructions relating to its execution, can be displayed on the screen during the exercise for the person to learn, if he / she has for some reason forgotten the assignment. With the simulator, a very realistic learning environment can be achieved, as can be judged by the devices in Figures 1a and 1b. The simulator device can t.o.m. have a starting system 160 such as a real forestry machine, with an ignition key, a pedal 170 and a manual control 112.
    From the simulator you can thus obtain a lot of information that is not available in a real forest environment. Accurate data about the simulated forest, data about the stamping post and t.o.m. data on individual trees can be easily retrieved from the simulator's memory to be displayed to the user. On the other hand, the view in the simulator is clearly more limited than in nature - in nature the user can look at the forest all around him just by turning his head, while such a view in the simulator environment presupposes a change in the angle of view or direction. In the simulator environment, there is thus more information available than in nature, but the visual forest view is more limited than in nature.
    Figure 2 shows a forest machine simulator according to an embodiment of the invention in a block diagram. The control device 210 may comprise, for example, control devices 215 and control logic 218, with which the control signals of the machine are produced. The controllers 215 may be similar to controllers used in a real forest machine and transformed to be simpler than real forest machine controllers, or for example controllers intended to control a standard computer. The controls are used both to drive the forestry machine to a requested terrain point in the simulation environment and to operate a work boom connected to the forestry machine in a workplace. A harvester head, a grabber for wood, a planting device, a baling device or some other work tool can be connected to the work boom. The control logic 218 may comprise microcircuits and / or a programmable processor, such as a microprocessor, which uses timers and relays, which generate signals from the movement of controllers operated by the user. The interface between the controller 210 and the simulator 240 may be the same or substantially similar to the interface that exists between the controller of an actual forestry machine and the actual performing components of the forestry machine. The simulator 240 is connected to the controller 210 with signal lines. For processing signals in the line, the simulator is provided with an I / O circuit 241. The simulator can also be provided with an input block 242 for receiving inputs from the user by means of e.g. a mouse or keys. The simulator comprises a processor 245 and a memory 246, which are used for executing and storing a program code which executes the simulator. The simulator may also comprise several processors, such as e.g. a processor for tasks relating to the operation of the simulator in general and a processor for tasks relating to the display of graphics. The simulator can also contain several different types of memory used, such as a memory of an unstable memory type to be used for storing data and software while running, and durable memories, such as flash and hard disk memory, for long-term storage of software. codes. Furthermore, the simulator may comprise a video controller 248 and an audio controller 249, which can be used to generate video and audio signals through the user interface outlet 270 to be perceived by the simulator users. In an embodiment according to the invention, several simulators can be connected to each other over a wireless or wired network connection. In such an arrangement, the first and second simulators may be interconnected by a data connection so that the second simulator device may send information to the first simulator device, and the first simulator device may display this information to the user. or use said information when modeling their own simulation view. For example, the forestry machine simulated by the second simulation device can be displayed as a real-time operator in the simulated environment of the first simulation device.
    The video controller 248 can be connected to a screen 275. The screen can be, for example, a panel screen or a video projector. The screen can also be adapted to a dressable video screen. The audio controller 249 of the simulator may be connected to an audio source 278, such as a speaker or a headphone.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the stamping posts in the terrain are created with a terrain creation program according to Figure 3. With the terrain creation program, any tree stand can be created in the simulation environment, but in addition the tree stand (300) in the stamping post can be further modified after delimiting the stamping post. With a tree creation button 304, one can add trees one trunk at a time to the delimited stamp entry, determine length, volume and shape factors for the added trunk, and even remove trees from the stamp entry. Delimitation of the stamping item takes place in the terrain creation program, e.g. by drawing with a pointer, such as a mouse, a boundary 302, within which the stamping post in the exercise is formed. The terrain creation program also shows the situation of the respective stamp item with respect to the number of trees and the volume of the tree stand 306. The terrain creation program offers a flexible user interface for modifying the simulation environment, whereby the training environment can be prepared to meet the needs of the person to be trained.
    An advantage of the invention is to go through an exact simulation that describes the area to be thinned before starting the thinning of an object area with sensitive natural values. Even experienced forest machine operators benefit from practice in thinning strategy, when you can go through different thinning options in advance to find the best alternative.
    Figure 4 shows a view of an exercise that can be started in a simulation environment.
    The figure shows a computer-created border of the stamping post marked in the trees with colored rings 400 according to the selected color. The boundary trees of the stamping post marked with colored rings 10 15 20 25 30 35 11 are not included in the tree stand of the stamping post. Furthermore, a training stick 402 created by the computer can be seen in the training terrain at the point where the drawing of the boundary of the stamping post began.
    While driving in the exercise, you can use the pointing devices to bring data about the tree stand in the pointed area as well as things related to performing simulator exercises to the interface of the simulation environment. To the interface view comes the name 404 of the selected stamp entry, which is associated with the signal stick 402. The column "In the beginning" 406 in the view indicates the situation of the stamp entry before the tree stand has been worked up in the simulator world.
    The column “Now” 408 shows the thinning situation in real time, which shows the progress of the work on the stamping item. From the column "Now" you can also see the end result of the thinning with regard to the remaining growing tree stand after the whole area has been worked up. The simulator thus shows the user very accurate data about the stimulated forest and the stamping post in real time - even in comparison with the situation before thinning. The user does not have such information at his disposal in a real forest.
    In a simulator exercise, there can be several delimited stamp items, and the stamp items can also be inside each other. In this way, you can create stamp entries that include several sectors. In the simulator view, you can then see information about the tree stand as well as about the entire stamp entry and about an individual sector.
    In the simulation environment's user interface, you can switch the view with a selection tool, for example with a drop-down list shown in Figure 5. The symbol menu 500 shown in Figure 5 is used to select a stamp entry created in the simulation environment. In the list, you can select any stamp entry created in the simulation environment. In the drop-down list 502, you select the tree type of the stamp item that you want to view. In Figure 5, the drop-down list 502 is opened, and the list shows the different tree species created in the simulation environment. In the simulator, it is thus possible to consider t.o.m. properties of individual tree species on a specific stamping post. It is thus very easy for the user to view the properties of the forest in the simulator. 10 15 20 25 30 35 12 The columns “at the beginning” and “Now” shown in Figures 4 and 5 list measurable information about the marked stamp entry at locations 410 and 504. The data units denote the tree stand characteristics on the marked stamp entry. If a particular tree species is selected in the tree species menu, the view provides information regarding that tree species. If all tree species are selected, the view gives the properties of the entire tree population in the stamp entry.
    Such properties of the tree stand are e.g. the number of trunks in the tree stand on the stamping post, the average density of the tree stand, variation in the average density of the tree stand in the area, the total volume of the tree stand on the marked stamping post, the numerically derived information on the total tree stand volume per hectare, , the from this numerically derivable volume of logs per hectare, the volume of the tree stand on paperwood on the marked stamp entry, and the from this numerically derived volume on paperwood per hectare. Furthermore, about the tree stand on the marked stamp entry, there is data on the average length of the tree stand, the average diameter of the tree stand, the bottom surface of the tree stand, e.g. at chest height, and the number of crooked trunks in the selected area.
    All these data can be relevant thinning parameters, when the requested end result is a thinned forest that produces sufficiently voluminous wood material of high quality to be used in the forest industry also in the coming years. From the natural parameters that characterize the growth of the forest, the factors that affect the profitability of thinning, and the amount of yield that is requested as a natural resource from the forest, one can calculate mathematical models, which can be optimized to find the right relationship between trees to be cut and trees to be left in the woods. For continuous yield of the forest, it is important that there are continuous trees in different growth phases in the forest. One goal of thinning felling is to ensure that this thing is realized in the cultivated forest.
    These data thus determine the environment of forest machine simulation, and they are available already at the time when the simulation is created. In real life, however, the information obtained about the forest is much more limited and limited to sensory perceptions. Application of this information depends on how the person making the senses understands the principles of forest surveying. Thus, although the simulation environment can offer information about the simulated tree stand with high precision, searching for information about the simulation environment in such a way that it would support the user's learning and application of the learned forest estimation method in a real forest is not unambiguous.
    In the invention it has been noticed that even in the simulation environment it is unexpectedly necessary to use estimation methods and working methods that are sufficiently similar to methods for estimating a real forest. Although much information about the tree population in the object area is thus available in the simulator directly from the computer's memory, the invention has noticed that it is important to be able to practice measuring the tree population's properties and using these measurement results when supervising these working methods. For this purpose, alternative ways of determining the characteristics of the tree stand in the simulator have been constructed. In these alternative ways, data is not retrieved directly from the simulator's memory, but the properties of the tree stand can be determined e.g. by using different estimation methods. In these estimation methods, the characteristics of the tree stand can be estimated from a set of trees as a subset of the tree stand. The user can select the amount of trees, and from the amount of trees you can then calculate the properties of the amount of trees. These properties of the tree set can be used when estimating the properties of the tree stand, ie. from a smaller amount of trees, one can derive characteristics of a larger tree stand.
    One way to estimate the forest stands is to use the concept of a circular test surface. A circular test surface is formed in the forest by using a measuring stick of a certain length and drawing in the forest a circle, the radius of which is the length of said stick. By counting the plants, stems or other interesting objects within the circle, and by knowing a statistical conversion coefficient depending on the length of the cane, with which the number of objects considered in said test surface is made to correspond to e.g. the number of respective objects per hectare, one can estimate the situation of the entire forest area on the basis of said circular experimental area. By selecting several circular test surfaces in the forest, the estimate can be made even more accurate. The estimate of the tree population in the forest is thus based on statistical data on the forest. Frequently used object units of an area considered in forestry are hectares and - in countries using Anglo - Saxon units of measurement - acres. By adjusting a scale factor, the correlation change can also be performed between other surface units. In this way, an estimate of the properties of the tree stand can be determined in the simulation environment. This estimate may deviate from the tree population property data already available in the simulator memory at the time the forest is created.
    Figure 6 shows an inventive embodiment, in which data on the simulated tree stand can be viewed in a virtual world by forming with a pointing device at a point marked in the terrain a circular test surface 600 with a requested area. The center of the circular test surface is marked in the terrain with a colored signal stick 602, in the vicinity of which a number or a name 604 has been placed which identifies the test surface in the view. The boundaries of the circular test surface are drawn with a continuous line 606 whose color deviates from the color of the terrain in the forest ground. In the view of the simulation environment, several circular test surfaces can be within sight at the same time.
    Data obtained from the amount of trees limited within the circular test area are i.a. data listed in column 608 of the simulation view: surface area of the circular test surface, number of trunks of the circular test surface, volume of trees on the circular test surface, volume of logs on the circular test surface, volume of paper wood on the circular test surface , the average length and diameter of trees on the circular test surface, the bottom surface of trunks on the circular test surface, measured at a fixed, exposed height, which may be e.g. 1.3 meters, as well as data on the number of crooked trunks on the circular test surface.
    By linking the shape of the stamping stock's freely selectable delimitation to the circular test surface, determination tools can be available in the simulator environment which are planned for a real forest in forestry and which have not previously been available in a simulator environment. The starting point for forest estimation is tables made for forest types and is based on perceptual mapping, from which tables one can statistically calculate 10 15 20 25 30 35 15 that for the resp. forest type appropriate mathematical dependence between the characteristics of the trees and the frequency in the resp. the forest type. Statistically, one can thus calculate e.g. from the number of plants that if there is one plant on a trial area of 50 m2, there are 200. plants per hectare. If there are seven plants on the test surface, there are 1400. seedlings per hectare, and so on. The same dependency conditions can also be formed for other properties of trees in the said forest type. Reducing the size of the selected number of trees also offers interesting opportunities; by selecting the observation point in the immediate vicinity of an interesting tree and the circular test surface just as large as the tree, one can see data about the individual tree in the simulator environment, whereby the trees to be thinned can be selected from the stamping post by using it the best possible information. Such a possibility has not previously existed in a simulator.
    A particularly interesting feature of the amount of trees in thinning cuts is the sum of the bottom areas of the growing tree stand per hectare. This quantity is expressed in square meters per hectare, mZ / ha. When the length of the tree stand and the trunk function which best denotes the shape of the trunks are known, the trunk volume of the growing tree trunk can be determined by fixing the bottom surface. This can be an important factor when planning felling. For different forest types and tree species, there are tables from which the trunk volume can be read for each bottom area and average length.
    In the manner described above, it is thus possible with the method of the circular test surface to select a set of trees from the tree stand, determine at least one property for this set of trees, and use this determined property to determine the property of the tree stand. The tree stand can be e.g. the whole forest or part of the forest, a stamping post selected from the forest or an area otherwise determined. The amount of trees can be selected by the method of the circular test surface or in another way, for example in square or rectangular shape. The amount of trees can also consist of several different areas. There can also be several tree sets, ie. that one can e.g. determine several circular test surfaces and calculate the properties of the tree stand from the properties of these several sets of trees, e.g. by taking an average or a weighted average (eg by weighing according to surfaces or another parameter) of the properties. 10 15 20 25 30 35 16 Figure 7 shows a work tool with which the estimation of thinning cuts can be practiced virtually without a real forest. The figure shows a sight notch 700 that works like a relascope in the virtual world. The working principle of the work tool complies with the following principles: An observer standing at a point of view in the forest turns an entire turn by keeping the sight groove at a certain distance in front of him and includes in the relascope measurement the trunks that barely fill the sight groove or are wider ( eg strains 702) when looking through the sieve groove. These trunks are included in the relascope measurement, and with the help of the number of trunks and the relascope coefficient, it is possible to calculate how many cross-sectional area square meters of the tree stand the included tree trunks correspond to per hectare of forest.
    The relascope coefficient thus indicates the total cross-sectional area of the trees when the number of trunks is known. The border trees are included in the measurement with half of their gravity value.
    A tree is fully included in the relascope measurement, if it is closer to the meter than its boundary distance. The boundary distance, on the other hand, depends on the diameter of the tree and the relascope coefficient. The circular test surface 704 may be determined when performing the relascope measurement, or it may be indeterminate. In order to determine whether a tree belongs to the relascope test surface, one does not need a delimited test surface, but the information can be determined mathematically when one knows the type of forest and the dimensions of the sight groove used. In a simulator environment shown in Figure 7, the relascope measurement offers an opportunity to view the bottom surface of the tree stand even in a tree species-related manner, when the requested tree species has first been selected in the view, e.g. with the drop-down list.
    The precision of the relascope measurement relative to the forest type to be considered can be improved by performing the measurement at a few different locations. By calculating the average of measurements, one can estimate the trunk volume of the tree stand per hectare with the help of a relascopic table. If the width of the relascope's sight notch is freely chosen, you must use a table that is proportioned relative to the resp. the width of the screen. The relascope measurement can be performed in a simulation e.g. by rotating the forest machine's cab. Another option is to place a camera on the roof of the forestry machine and to rotate the camera instead of the cab. The image of the virtual camera can be brought to the forest machine's simulated cab to be viewed by the user for counting, or alternatively the forest machine's device can perform the count automatically and present the result to the user in a visual, verbal and / or or graphically.
    In an embodiment according to the invention, the driver of a forestry machine operating in a simulation environment can view the driving tracks, which device he / she has left on the forest ground, with regard to the width and depth of the tracks. The width and footprint of the tracks play a role in the forest's rejuvenation ability in the felling area. For example, too deep tramlines can damage the roots of the trees and impair the quality of the tree stand and growth in the vicinity of the tramlines. With the distance between the tramlines, you can influence the amount of tree stands that have been lost to the tramline and that are not replaced by other growing tree stands.
    The distances between the tramlines left by the forestry machine should be optimal so that the tree stand area to be thinned can be cut to the thinning density with the work machine used for the work in such a way that as little of the tree stand as possible is lost under the tramlines.
    By knowing the density and rejuvenation ability of the tree stand structure in the forest, the range of the forestry machine's felling boom and on the other hand the width of the tramline left by the machine, one can with a mathematical model determine the optimal tramline width, with which the forest area can be cut and, on the other hand, in the most sustainable way possible with regard to tree stands. In the simulator environment, the forest machine operator's operator can use a mouse to mark with signal points the driving tracks that the machine has left in the already developed forest and thus get to know the distance between these signal points. That the actual width of tramlines matches the desired width of tramlines can be expressed to the user of the simulation with a color-coded graphic character in the simulation view, with an audio indication through the user interface audio circuits, with a dialog window that opens in the screen, etc.
    Figure 8 shows a block diagram for determining properties of a simulated tree stand according to an embodiment of the invention. In step 800, a virtual forest is determined in the simulation environment. According to step 802, a subset of the virtual forest is determined. In step 804, properties of the subset of the virtual forest are determined by a measurement method applicable to the virtual forest.
    Figure 9 shows a block diagram for determining a subset of a tree stand according to an embodiment of the invention. According to the embodiment, in step 900, a subset of the virtual forest is limited by means of a pointing device which applies to the virtual environment. Then the selected subset (amount of trees) of the forest is processed. In step 902, the view of the virtual environment shows a selection tool which can be e.g. in the form of an emerging line of sight but whose appearance can be adapted according to the objects to be selected. In step 904 you go through the subset, ie. the set of trees of the selected forest with the tool in such a way that in step 906 one can count from the selected forest the virtual trees that meet the criterion of the boundary condition determined by the tool. When you know the trees that meet the criterion, using data from the virtual world in step 908 you can determine the properties of the subset (tree set) in the tree stand, such as the number of trunks, the average density of the tree stand, the variation in the average tree density, the total tree stand volume. the volume of the tree stand on logs in the viewing area, the volume of the tree stand on paper wood in the viewing area, the average length of the tree stand, the average diameter of the tree stand, the bottom surface of the tree stand and the number of crooked trunks. In step 910, from data of the virtual world, data relating to the entire virtual tree stand is generated from the same properties of the forest determined in step 908 for a subset, and these two property types are displayed in the user interface of the virtual world in step 912.
    Other arrangements for carrying out the invention can also be implemented with the aid of the computer program code installed in the device. The computer program code implementing the invention may be located in the memory of the device and provide use of the relevant parts of the device to carry out embodiments of the invention. For example, a data terminal may be provided with the necessary current and microcircuits as well as the memory components for storing and executing the program code according to the invention. In addition, some or all of the program components according to the invention may be stored in a network element with the necessary memory, current and microcircuits for storing and executing the program code according to the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited only to the embodiments described above, but that the invention can be applied within the scope of the following claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Claims 1: 15 20 25 30 35 20. Method for determining at least one property of a simulated tree stand, characterized in that in the method one selects a tree set from said simulated tree stand and determines from the selected tree set at least one property of the tree set, and estimates at least one property of said simulated tree stand using said at least one specific property of the selected amount of trees. . A method according to claim 1, in which said estimation comprises forming a statistical estimate of at least one property of the simulated tree stand by using at least one determined property of the selected tree set. . A method according to claim 1, in which, on the basis of the user's input, such as input with the computer's pointing device, an area of the simulation environment is delimited as said amount of trees. A method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, in which a circular test surface is selected from the simulation environment and said at least one property of the set of trees on the selected circular test surface is determined. Method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the user interface of the simulation environment is provided with a virtual work tool, the function of which in the simulation environment is similar to the operating principle of a relascope. . Method according to claim 1, 2 or 5, in which method - the user interface of the simulation environment is provided with a sight groove for a virtual work tool, - said sight groove is moved in the simulation view in the horizontal plane of the simulation environment, - the width of tree trunks shown in the user interface of the simulation environment through the sieve groove relative to the width of the sieve groove, 10 15 20 25 30 35 21 - it is decided on the basis of said consideration whether the resp. the tree shown in the view slot in the simulation view belongs to said amount of trees. A method according to claim 5 or 6, in which the property of said tree stand is determined mathematically by using a coefficient of said virtual work tool, which coefficient denotes the ratio between the width of the sight groove in said virtual work tool and the cross-sectional area of the tree stand to be counted in simulation. the environment. . A method according to any one of claims 1-7, in which said at least one property of said amount of trees is displayed in the user interface of the simulation environment. . Method according to any one of claims 1-8, in which the characteristic of the tree stand comprises at least one of the following: number of trunks in the tree stand, average density of the tree stand, variation in the average density of the tree stand, total tree stand volume on the experimental surface, total tree stand volume per hectare, the volume of the tree stand on logs on the test surface, the volume of the tree stand on logs per hectare, the volume of the tree stand on paperwood on the experimental surface, the volume of the tree stand on paperwood per hectare, the average length of the tree stand, the average diameter of the tree stand per tree diameter hectares, and the number of crooked trunks on the test surface. A method according to any one of claims 1-9, in which the tree stand comprises at least one species of wood, and the characteristics of the tree stand are shown grouped according to tree species in the user interface of the simulation environment. A method according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein further - receiving from the user an indicator signal of a pointing device, such as a mouse, for determining reference points on the simulated terrain, and calculating by means of the reference points the width or space between the tracks of a simulated Forestry Machine. A method according to any one of claims 1-11, in which a further - gives the user of the forestry machine simulator a learning task, - compares the user performance registered by the simulator with the given learning task. A software product stored on a computer-readable medium and capable of being executed by a processor, characterized in that the software product comprises a computer-executable program code which is arranged to perform a method according to any one of claims 1-11 when the program code runs on a processor. Device, comprising: - control means for controlling a simulated forestry machine by receiving control input from the user and for producing control signals for controlling the device, - processing means for processing said control signals, - screen means for displaying a simulated forest environment, characterized by that the device further comprises: - a computer program code for performing a method according to any one of claims 1-11, when the program code is executed with said processing device. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that it is a forest machine simulator, a universal computer or a forest machine.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI20115743A|2013-01-12|
    FI20115743A0|2011-07-11|
    FI127400B|2018-05-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2015-10-06| NAV| Patent application has lapsed|
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20115743A|FI127400B|2011-07-11|2011-07-11|Forest machine simulator|
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